What is kernel and shell?

Both the shell and the kernel are the Parts of a operating system. These Both Parts are responsible for performing any operation on the system. When a user gives his Command for Performing Any Operation, then the Request Will goes to the Shell Parts, The Shell Parts is also called as the Interpreter which translate the Human Program into the Machine Language and then the Request will be transferred to the Kernel. So that Shell is just called as the interpreter of the commands which converts the request of the user into the machine language.

Kernel:-

Kernel  is also called as the heart of the operating system and the every operation is 
performed by using the kernel,when the kernel receives the request from the shell then it  process  request and display the result on the screen.the various types of operations performed by the kernel are as follow:-

  1)    It control the state process means it checks whether the process is running or process           is waiting for the request of the user.

  2)    Provides the memory for the process those are running on the system means  kernel runs the allocation  and  de_allocation  process .First when we request for the service then the kernel will provides the memory to the process  and after that he also release the memory  which is  given to a process.

  3)    The kernel also maintains a time table for all the processes those are running means the kernel also prepare the schedule time means this will provide  the time to various process of the CPU and the kernel also puts the waiting and suspended jobs in to the different memory area.

  4)     When a kernel determines that the logical memory doesn’t fit to store the programs  then he uses the concept of the physical memory which will stores the programs into temporary manner,means  the physical memory of the system can be used as temporary  memory.

  5)    Kernel also maintains all the maintains all the files those are stored into the computer system  and the kernel also stores all the files into the system as no one can read  or write the files without  any permission,so that the kernel system also provides us the facility to use the passwords and also all the files are stored  into the particular manner.

As we have learned there are many programs or functions those are performed by the kernel but the functions those are performed  by  the kernel will never be shown to the user,and the functions of the kernel  are transparent to the user.