What is kernel and shell?

Both the shell and the kernel are the Parts of a operating system. These Both Parts are responsible for performing any operation on the system. When a user gives his Command for Performing Any Operation, then the Request Will goes to the Shell Parts, The Shell Parts is also called as the Interpreter which translate the Human Program into the Machine Language and then the Request will be transferred to the Kernel. So that Shell is just called as the interpreter of the commands which converts the request of the user into the machine language.

Kernel:-

Kernel  is also called as the heart of the operating system and the every operation is 
performed by using the kernel,when the kernel receives the request from the shell then it  process  request and display the result on the screen.the various types of operations performed by the kernel are as follow:-

  1)    It control the state process means it checks whether the process is running or process           is waiting for the request of the user.

  2)    Provides the memory for the process those are running on the system means  kernel runs the allocation  and  de_allocation  process .First when we request for the service then the kernel will provides the memory to the process  and after that he also release the memory  which is  given to a process.

  3)    The kernel also maintains a time table for all the processes those are running means the kernel also prepare the schedule time means this will provide  the time to various process of the CPU and the kernel also puts the waiting and suspended jobs in to the different memory area.

  4)     When a kernel determines that the logical memory doesn’t fit to store the programs  then he uses the concept of the physical memory which will stores the programs into temporary manner,means  the physical memory of the system can be used as temporary  memory.

  5)    Kernel also maintains all the maintains all the files those are stored into the computer system  and the kernel also stores all the files into the system as no one can read  or write the files without  any permission,so that the kernel system also provides us the facility to use the passwords and also all the files are stored  into the particular manner.

As we have learned there are many programs or functions those are performed by the kernel but the functions those are performed  by  the kernel will never be shown to the user,and the functions of the kernel  are transparent to the user.

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What is Operating System?

                                     Operating System

  We all know that there are many hardware’s and software’s which  are attached to  a system. So for performing any operations both software and hardware are compulsory. So For exchanging information between software and hardware  operating system is used. Operating system is that which communicate  with  software and  hardware. The software is the non-touchable part of the system, and  software’s are just used for making an application but hardware’s  are used for performing an operation . For example if we want to perform a activity of playing a song then media player is an software and using mouse is an hardware , but how the system knows what to do when mouse moves on the screen and when the mouse select a song on the system so that operating system is necessary which interact between or which communicates with the hardware and the software. For better understanding you can see the working of the operating system.

so we can say that the operating system have the following characteristics :-

1) Operating System is a Collection of Programs which provides platform for Execution of other Programs.

2) Operating System  Controls  all the Input and Output Devices those are connected to the System.

3) Operating System is the platform on which we Run all the Application Software’s.

4) Operating System Provides Scheduling to the Various Processes Means Allocates the Memory to various Process those Wants to Execute.

5) Operating System provides medium to exchange information between the user and the System.

6) Operating System is Stored into   the Basic Input and Output System means when a user Starts his System then this will Read all the instructions those are Necessary for Executing the System Means for Running the Operating System, Operating System Must be Loaded into the computer  For this, we will use the Floppy or Hard Disks Which Stores the Operating System.

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